16 - Indice of Masculinity in Finland (Hofstede)
A HOFSTEDE DIMENSION
A high score, therefore male, on this dimension indicates that the company will be driven by competition, success and achievement. Success is defined by the winner or the best in the field, a value system that starts at school and continues throughout the life of the organization. A low score, therefore female, for this dimension means that the dominant values in society are concern for others and quality of life. A female society is a society where quality of life is a sign of success and where standing out is not admirable. The fundamental question here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (Male) or loving what one does (Female).
RESULTS
Finland is regarded as a female society. In this feminine country, the emphasis is on "working for a living", managers seek consensus, people value equality, solidarity and the quality of their working life. Conflicts are resolved through compromise and negotiation. Incentives such as free time and flexibility are favoured. Emphasis is placed on well-being, status is not indicated. An effective manager is a supportive manager, and decision making is through involvement.
LOW GENDER INEQUALITY
Gender inequality is very low in Finland and the country ranks second in the 2016 Global Index. Finland has the second lowest gender gap in employment rates between men and women aged 15-64 in the OECD. Women are well represented at the top of the political hierarchy, on company boards and among business leaders, although parity is not a reality. Nevertheless, the gender pay gap is significant and is partly explained by high occupational gender specialisation, with women being in the minority in high-paying professions such as engineering, and in the majority in public sector jobs, especially in health and education. These differences in field of activity and employment account for about half of the pay gap (National Institute for Health and Welfare, 2017). Young women are more likely than their male counterparts to be on fixed-term contracts and generally take long parental leave, which undermines their career prospects. The combined duration of parental leave and home care allowance is among the longest in the OECD. The amount of this allowance is relatively low, but combined with the supplementary benefits provided by some municipalities and the cost of childcare, it can be a major disincentive to work.
A high score, therefore male, on this dimension indicates that the company will be driven by competition, success and achievement. Success is defined by the winner or the best in the field, a value system that starts at school and continues throughout the life of the organization. A low score, therefore female, for this dimension means that the dominant values in society are concern for others and quality of life. A female society is a society where quality of life is a sign of success and where standing out is not admirable. The fundamental question here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (Male) or loving what one does (Female).RESULTS
Finland is regarded as a female society. In this feminine country, the emphasis is on "working for a living", managers seek consensus, people value equality, solidarity and the quality of their working life. Conflicts are resolved through compromise and negotiation. Incentives such as free time and flexibility are favoured. Emphasis is placed on well-being, status is not indicated. An effective manager is a supportive manager, and decision making is through involvement.
LOW GENDER INEQUALITY
Gender inequality is very low in Finland and the country ranks second in the 2016 Global Index. Finland has the second lowest gender gap in employment rates between men and women aged 15-64 in the OECD. Women are well represented at the top of the political hierarchy, on company boards and among business leaders, although parity is not a reality. Nevertheless, the gender pay gap is significant and is partly explained by high occupational gender specialisation, with women being in the minority in high-paying professions such as engineering, and in the majority in public sector jobs, especially in health and education. These differences in field of activity and employment account for about half of the pay gap (National Institute for Health and Welfare, 2017). Young women are more likely than their male counterparts to be on fixed-term contracts and generally take long parental leave, which undermines their career prospects. The combined duration of parental leave and home care allowance is among the longest in the OECD. The amount of this allowance is relatively low, but combined with the supplementary benefits provided by some municipalities and the cost of childcare, it can be a major disincentive to work.
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